Eczema, also known as Atopic dermatitis, causes your skin to become red, itchy, and inflamed. Eczema is common in children but it can occur at any age as well. It is long-lasting and tends to flare up occasionally.
There is no known absolute cause. Eczema can result from a variety of reasons, such as genetic and environmental combinations. When an irritant or an allergen from outside or inside your body “switches on” the immune system, it produces inflammation, or a flare-up, on the surface of the skin. This inflammation causes the symptoms common to most types of eczema.
Eczema affects people differently due to different genes and skin routines. Eczema symptoms include itching, redness, small bumps, and flaky/scaly skin. These symptoms typically occur in children before the age of five. Depending on age, symptoms may differ and occur in different areas of the skin.
Important Note: Scratching repeatedly might result in scarring. The impacted area may also start to crust. Over-scratching can cause infection, which manifests as stinging red patches with pus.
Currently, there is no cure for Eczema. However, there are ways you can manage it.
1. Oral and Topical Medication
Topical steroids may be used when there is an itch and inflammation flare-up. To prevent side effects, topical steroids of the right potency should only be used for a short time. Applying a thin layer that is sufficient to cover the affected area is sufficient. For a short period, oral antihistamines might be administered to treat the itching. Consult with your pharmacist about getting these medication.
2. Avoid Triggers
Heat (skin overheating), perspiration, and a dry environment are common triggers. Eczema may also be triggered by emotional stress or anxiety. A flare-up may also occur by exposure to specific chemicals (such as those found in soaps, detergents, fragrances, or cosmetics), materials (such as wool or synthetic fibers), dust, sand, or smoke. Identifying your triggers may take some time and effort, but it is important to stay away from them so as to manage your condition in the long term.
3. Moisturizing and hydrating your skin
Use emollient cream and ointment formulation to hydrate your skin. They should be used as regularly as possible and best applied straight after your bath. Compared to creams and ointments, lotions are more comfortable to apply and have a higher water content, while creams and ointments are better at maintaining moisture in the skin.
In order to moisturize and cool your skin, you should also take lukewarm baths or showers. Use mild, unscented soap or cleansers without soap. Avoid taking long, steamy showers or baths (do not exceed 15 minutes). For people who have severe eczema and repeated infections, bleach baths may be recommended. Discuss with your pharmacist to find out if bleach baths are suitable for your condition.
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